This course traces the political, socio-economic, cultural, and religious history of Spain since the late 15th century. Although a brief introduction is given about the history of the Iberian Peninsula and its people, prior to the 16th century - or Early Modern Period - the emphasis, however, will be given to the slow and complicated process that was (and sometimes is) the formation of Spain beginning in the 19th century. Beginning with the rise of the Catholic Monarchs, and in turn the transforming "Spain" from a war-torn country towards the first world Empire, the student will then trace the complicated history of 18th and 19th century Spanish society that gave rise to the Kingdom of Spain in the mid-19th century. This is the kingdom that underwent the many political convulsions that later made the Franco Regime possible. Concluding the survey with an appreciation of post-Franco Spain, the return of democracy and the vibrant cultural renaissance of Spain over the last 30 years.